Unit 1st
Computer Fundamentals: Concept of data and information; Components of Computer:
Hardware Input Device, Output Device. CPU: Components of CPU; Memory and Storage
Devices; Computer Software: System Software and Application Software; Functions of
Operating System. Programming
Languages: Machine, Assembly, High Level Language, 4GL; Language Translator; Linker,
Loader; Classification of Computers: Micro, Mini, Mainframe, Super computer. Advantages of
Computer, Limitations of Computer, Range of Applications of Computer, Social concerns of
Computer Technology: Positive and Negative Impacts, Computer Crimes, Viruses and their
remedial solutions.
Notes of 1st Unit :-
Computer: Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the
user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives
the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-
numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.
Components of Computer: A computer is made up of multiple parts that facilitate user
functionality. Parts have two primary categories:
Hardware: Physical structure that houses a computer's processor, memory, storage,
communication ports and peripheral devices
Software: The instructions and data are called software. It Includes operating system
(OS) and software applications
Hardware: In a computer System the actual machinery - wires, transistors and circuits is
called hardware. The basic components of a modern digital computer are: Input Device, Output
Device, Central Processor Unit (CPU), mass storage device and memory.
